Memberi Makan Tamu, Dapat Pahala Haji dan Umrah?

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Pertanyaan:
Benarkah memuliakan tamu dapat pahala haji & umrah. Seperti yang ditunjukkan pada hadis ini:

“apabila terdapat tamu yang masuk ke rumah seseorang mukmin maka akan masuk beserta tamu itu seribu berkah & seribu rahmat. Allah akan menulis buat pemilik rumah itu dalam setiap kali suap kuliner yang dimakan tamu seperti pahala haji & umrah.”

Ada jua hadis lain yg menyampaikan,

“Wahai sekalian manusia, janganlah kalian membenci tamu. Lantaran sesungguhnya bila terdapat tamu yg tiba, maka beliau akan datang dengan membawa rizkinya. Dan bila beliau pulang maka dia pulang dengan membawa dosa pemilik rumah.”

Jawaban:
Kami menemukan teks ke 2 hadis di atas,

Hadis pertama,
الضَّيفُ إِذَا دَخَلَ بَيتَ المُؤمِنِ دَخَلَتْ مَعَهُ أَلْفُ بَرَكَةٍ وَأَلْفُ رَحْمَةٍ وَيَكْتُبُ اللهُ تَعَالَى لِصَاحِبِ المَنْزِل بِكُلِّ لُقْمَةٍ يَأكُلُهَا الضَّيفُ حَجَّةً وَعُمْرَةً

“Jika ada tamu yang masuk ke pada rumah seseorang mukmin maka akan masuk beserta tamu itu seribu berkah & seribu rahmat. Allah akan menulis buat pemilik rumah itu dalam setiap kali suap makanan yg dimakan tamu seperti pahala haji & umrah.”

Kami menemukan warta pada fatwa Syabakah Islamiyah,
فإن الظاهر أن هذا الحديث موضوع، ويدل لذلك أنه لا وجود له في شيء من كتب السنة المنتشرة بين الناس

Yang sesuai dzahirnya, hadis ini palsu. Diantara buktinya merupakan hadis nir dijumpai dalam kitab  -buku hadis yg terdapat di rakyat. (Fatawa Syabakah Islamiyah, no. 101197)

Dan aku  jua mencoba mencari hadis ini dalam perangkat lunak hadis yang aku  miliki (terdiri dari 1300an buku hadis & kitab   takhrij), & kami nir menjumpai hadis ini sama sekali.

Allahu a’lam.

Hadis ke 2,
إِذَا دَخَلَ الضَّيفُ عَلَى قَومٍ دَخَلَ بِرِزْقِهِ وَإِذَا خَرَجَ خَرَجَ بِمَغْفِرَةِ ذُنُوبِهِمْ

“Apabila ada tamu yg masuk ke sebuah kampung maka dia masuk dengan membawa rizkinya, dan saat tamu ini keluar, dia keluar menggunakan membawa ampunan dosa-dosa mereka.”

Status Hadis
Terdapat keterangan menurut as-Sakhawi – Ulama Syafiiyah muridnya Ibnu Hajar al-Asqalani – mengenai hadis ini pada kitab   dia – al-Maqasid al-Hasanah –,
رواه الديلمي من حديث معروف بن حسان حدثنا زياد الأعلم عن الحسن عن أنس مرفوعا بهذا، وسنده ضعيف

Hadis ini diriwayatkan ad-Dailami menurut jalur Makruf bin Hassan, berdasarkan Ziyad al-A’lam, menurut Hasan al-Bashri, dan Anas bin Malik secara marfu’ (berdasarkan Nabi Shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam). Dan sanadnya dhaif. (al-Maqasid al-Hasanah, no. 62).

Kesimpulannya, ke 2 hadis di atas tidak mampu dipertanggung jawabkan sebagai dalil.

Meskipun demikian, memuliakan tamu bukan berarti tidak mempunyai keutamaan. Ada keutamaan besar  buat amalan memuliakan tamu, antara lain,

[1]. Ini merupakan amalan Ibrahim yg Allah ceritakan pada al-Quran

Ada poly amal soleh Nabi Ibrahim alahis salam, & amalan yg Allah sebutkan antara lain adalah memuliakan tamu.

Allah berfirman,هَلْ أَتَاكَ حَدِيثُ ضَيْفِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْمُكْرَمِينَ. إِذْ دَخَلُوا عَلَيْهِ فَقَالُوا سَلَامًا قَالَ سَلَامٌ قَوْمٌ مُنْكَرُونَ . فَرَاغَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ فَجَاءَ بِعِجْلٍ سَمِينٍ . فَقَرَّبَهُ إِلَيْهِمْ قَالَ أَلَا تَأْكُلُونَ

Sudahkah hingga kepadamu (Muhammad) cerita tentang tamu Ibrahim (yaitu malaikat-malaikat) yang dimuliakan? (Ingatlah) ketika mereka masuk ke tempatnya lalu mengucapkan: “Salaamun”. Ibrahim menjawab: “Salaamun (kamu) merupakan orang-orang yg tidak dikenal”. Maka dia pulang dengan membisu-diam menemui keluarganya, kemudian dibawanya daging anak sapi gemuk. Lalu dihidangkannya pada mereka. Ibrahim lalu mengatakan: “Silahkan anda makan”. (QS. Ad-Dzariyat: 24 – 27)

Anda sanggup perhatikan, Ibrahim sangat menghormati tamunya dicermati berdasarkan beberapa sisi,

[1]. Jawaban salam Ibrahim lebih sempurna dibandingkan salam yang disampaikan tamunya. Tamunya menyampaikan dalam dengan susunan fi’liyah ad interim Ibrahim menjawab dengan susunan ismiyah. Dan susunan ismiyah menunjukkan makna yg lebih langgeng.

[2]. Ibrahim membisu-diam menemui istrinya & datang-tiba datang menggunakan membawa hidangan. Sehingga ini tidak membuat tamu merasa sudah bikin capek.

[3]. Hidangan yang disediakan Ibrahim nir tanggung-tanggung, beliau menghidangkan daging anak sapi panggang.

[2]. Nabi Shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam jadikan amalan memuliakan tamu bagian dari iman seorang kepada Allah & hari akhir.

Nabi Shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam bersabda,
وَمَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَاليَوْمِ الآخِرِ فَلْيُكْرِمْ ضَيْفَهُ

“Siapa yg beriman pada Allah & hari akhir, hendaknya dia memuliakan tamunya.” (Muttafaq ‘alaih)

Sehingga memuliakan tamu menampakan kesempurnaan imannya. Dan hadis ini sudah sangat cukup bagi kita buat menyimpulkan betapa pentingnya amal memualiakan tamu.

Demikian, Allahu a’lam.

Sumber: konsultasisyariah.Com

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